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Jean Racine - Esther
QUE is used ADVERBIALLY:
A. As an interrogative = "why," followed by ne and no pas.
E.g. Esth. l. 558: Que n'a-t-il plus tôt demandé son salaire?
Also, but very rarely, in the affirmative.
E.g., l. 523: Que tardez-vous?
B. As an exclamative = "how!"
E.g., l. 465: Que ce temps est long à mon impatience!
Also ll. 691, 735, 946.
C. As a relative of time = "when."
E.g., l. 569: Sur le point que la vie, etc.
APPENDIX V.
EN.
Reference to the derivation of this word will do much to remove the difficulty attending a clear
understanding of its various functions.
i.
EN, PREPOSITION, from the Latin in, offers no stumbling-block save in its second use
= "as" or "like."
Eg., Esth. l. 1192: on va donner en spectacle = "as a spectacle."
l. 174; il nous croit en horreur = "he thinks us an object of horror." Cf. also l. 246 and l. 1177.
In Corneille's "Le Cid" (l. 318) vivre en infâme = "to live [as] an infamous man."
ii.
EN, CONJUNCTIVE PRONOUN, from the Latin inde ("hence," "from that," etc.) is
used:
A. As an ordinary genitive = "of" or "from it, him," "her," "them," etc.
B. As a partitive accusative; as we might say in English: "I will take of that."
These two uses are too frequent to require illustration.
C. With the force of "on account of that," "for that," when it is not always to be translated in
English.
E.g., Esth. l. 234: Nous n'en verrons pas moins, etc. = "none the less [for that]." Cf. also l. 630.
l. 934: . . . et j'en frémis = "I shudder at the sight," lit., "because of this," viz., because this man is
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